Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users

　　and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the

　　United States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the

　　novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by

　　(5) their local forecasting office. In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in

　　air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers

　　started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news

　　service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers

　　morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office

　　(10)from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press International (UPI), developed a competing photowire network and also provided

　　timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United

　　States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and

　　UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.

　　(15) In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential

　　ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened

　　by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package

　　the news more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt

　　threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide,

　　(20)full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA

　　21 Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the

　　largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan

　　newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature

　　maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab

　　(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate

　　rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

　　Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that

　　was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event.

　　Ironically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are

　　(30)comparatively small and inconspicuous.

(实习编辑：武勐勐)