修辞目的题是比较好做的题型，多做几道题目就能对它的基本规律有了掌握，特别是对主旨的进一步演绎部分的划线，对我们来说应该做到很好的预测答案。

　　修辞目的题关注的是划线部分和周围主旨内容的关系，常见类型是细节，例子与所对应主旨的关系。这样对我们识别细节方面提出了主动性要求：什么是例子?细节?大家注意以下几个词汇：

　　1sample;

　　2experiment;

　　3大写人名地名;

　　4as，such as 等举例

　　5大范围下的具体概念。什么是大范围下的具体概念?笼统来讲，全文说children，突然提及到了3-4岁的孩子，这个3-4岁的孩子干的…事的相应描述就是大范围下的具体概念。且一般情况下，这些部分位于段落后面，比较好找。

　　修辞目的题的其中一种就是考察你能否识别问你的部分是例子或细节，或者是对主旨的进一步详细描述，并且找出相关主旨，理论，要点部分。这个理论部分，我们的托福题目大部分是出现在前面的，少数后面情况：小部分由分号，so，hence，thus，代词it，they，their(说明前文话没说完)等理论指示性功能词引出。这样的话，我们是否更应该对主旨的样子有个基本感觉呢?这样对我们识别主旨，理论方面提出了主动性要求：大家一定注意附近相关这些词：because，so，however，second，at the same time(分层词)等功能词及其近义词;对每篇文章来讲，都有相对应的主旨句子的样子：分析现象的，主旨就是factor，perpaps，explanation，等引起的理论句子;分析事物的，就是事物各个方面概述性质的第一次描述;分析考古的，就是理论+"什么什么发现"或化石的evidence等。

　　TPO16

　　Paragraph 5: Dependence on long-distance trade also meant that the great empires of theMiddle East were built both literally and figuratively on shifting sand. The central state, thoughoften very rich and very populous, was intrinsically fragile, since the development of newinternational trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power, asoccurred when European seafarers circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco daGama's voyage around Africa in the late fifteenth century opened up a southern route. Theecology of the region also permitted armed predators to prowl the surrounding barrens,which were almost impossible for a state to control. Peripheral peoples therefore had a greatadvantage in their dealings with the center, making government authority insecure andanxious.

　　12.In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vasco daGama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa?

　　To provide evidence that European seafarers took every opportunity to bypass MiddleEastern merchants