托福听力每日一练第30天：
演讲听写训练1：
We only have a few minutes left so I’d like to go over a couple of points before we move on. Remember that, although there are both horizontal and vertical movements in air. The term wind applies only to horizontal movements. And more air is involved in horizontal movements than Vertical movements. And what causes the horizontal movements? Alternately, it’s the solar radiation, because the unequal heating of the earth than the atmosphere produces horizontal differences in air pressure. These differences set winds in motion. Essentially, winds are the nature’s way of balancing uneven distribution air pressure over the earth. Secondly, let me repeat my answer to the question we had before about wind direction. Many people get confused by what they hear in weather forecasts. We talk about wind direction in terms of where the wind’s coming from, not where it’s blowing to. There is a reason for this. To weather broadcasters, the origin of wind is more important than its destination. The winds origin helps them predict the weather. Logically, in the northern hemisphere, a north wind tends to bring cold weather, south wind warm weather. I haven’t forgotten vertical movement of air, but we don’t have time today to talk about them in depth. In our next class then, I’ll begin by discussing updraft(上升气流) and downdraft and how they affect the wealth. I suspect most of you can guess which of the two brings warm which weather, and which brings cold.
演讲听写训练2：
Some of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are the area of memory. People ask, why can’t I remember that term from the physical chapter or the date my library books in due? Well for a lot of people, memory may be weak, because they don’t use it enough. It’s like a muscle, if you don’t exercise it, it won’t stay strong. That’s why it’s important to keep our mind active, to keep on learning throughout our life. We can do this by reading, playing memory games and seeking out new experiences. It’s my guess though that the lack of mental stimulation isn’t a problem for students like you. More likely, the lives u all live are so busy and stimulating that this in itself may sometime interfere with learning. Later on we will be discussing how information is recalled from memory. But, first, the information needs to be recorded, in other words, learned. And for busy people like u and me, that will be the real problem often lies. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not be getting recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. Research clearly shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture, even a wildly ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in memory. Let me illustrate that for u here a little more concretely.
演讲听写训练3：
Today, we are going to continue our discussion of social insects, focusing on the Argentine(阿根廷的) ant, which as u might guess is a species of ant that are natives to Argentina. We’ll consider what happened to this type of ant after some members of the species move to California from their original habitat. Ok, well, in Argentina, these Argentine ants behave like most ant species around the world. They fight other ants of the same species if those ants are from some other nests. But the Argentine ants living in California behave differently. Ants from different nests form a single large colony. Within this colony, there is little aggression among ants from different nests. And when they fight insects from outside their colony, the Argentine ants can quickly recruit a huge army from their network of nests. This of course gives them advantages over other ants’ species. So then, why do Argentine ants behave differently in California than they do in Argentina? Well, using genetic testing, researches found that all the Argentine ants in California were very similar genetically. You see, when the first Argentine ants came to California, their population must have been very small， and all the later generations of Argentine ants there must be descended from the same few ancestors. So they are all closely related. This discovery is important, because for most social insects, membership in a colony is based on how closely related they are genetically.
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