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雅思写作素材举一反三用,备考轻松又快速

  对于雅思写作的备考,很多同学总是向我吐槽:写作文实在是太痛苦了,一个多小时写完一篇我已元气大伤……这么多的真题,我何时才能刷完,何时才能上岸?
 
  每到这个时候,我都会告诉学生们,你们之所以吐槽,无非是受两个因素的影响:备考心态和备考策略。
 
 
 
  写作作为输出项,难度大是正常的,所以写作文的痛苦指数肯定要高于完成一些输入项的题目的痛苦指数,在这一点上心态要摆正;
 
 
 
  海量题库,想刷完再去考?不可能的!很多同学在刷题时总是充满焦虑,特别是临考前,总担心自己练的没考,考的没练,恨不得来几块哆啦a梦的“记忆面包” 把题目全部吞下去。
 
 
 
  事实上,几乎没有哪位考生是刷完所有的题目再进考场的。
 
 
 
  重点在于,我们要通过利用高效的备考策略,达到通过练习有限的真题、提升写作能力并应对海量考题的效果。那么,何为高效的备考策略呢?
 
 
 
  雅思写作备考涉及三个非常重要的因素:科学有效的方法体系,系统完整的语料素材,以及灵活运用的能力。下面我们就“灵活运用的能力”,通过典型案例来给大家分析一下,如何通过灵活运用语料素材,举一反三,达到练习有限的真题也能应对海量考题的效果。
 
 
 
  Case I
 
  剑桥8 test3 大作文:
 
  Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?
 
  题目的意思是:提高油价是解决交通拥堵和环境污染最好的办法。是否同意?有其它有效的措施吗?
 
  剑桥8第167页有一篇考官范文,我节选了一段, 来看看考官怎么给出解决这个问题的措施。
 
  However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improving the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.
 
  这一段的针对交通拥堵给出了一个解决方案。意思是:然而,交通拥堵的问题不会通过改变人们能使用的私家车种类来解决。为了解决这个问题,我们需要改进出行者所能得到的公共交通服务的选择。
 
  比如,如果在主要城市中能够建设并有效维护充足的高架列车和地铁系统,那么公路上的交通将会急剧减少。长途列车和长途公共汽车该成为自驾长途旅行的价廉物美的替代性选择。
 
  在学习这段语言素材的过程中,我们可以积累一些关于解决交通拥堵的写作素材和语言表达,如:“建设轻轨和地铁” ---sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained.
 
  学习范文的目的并不是为了考试去碰一模一样的题目,而是为了能够灵活运用这些词汇句式和素材。
 
  我们来看另一道题:雅思官方指南 Test 3 大作文:
 
  Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that many cities in the world are now ‘one big traffic jam’.
 
  How true do you think this statement is?
 
  What measures can governments take to discourage people from using their cars?
 
  这道题的意思是: 汽车拥有量在过去三十年快速增长,以至于现在很多城市处于“大拥堵”的状况。你认为是这样吗?政府可以采取什么措施让人们少开私家车?
 
  这道题属于社会(或者政府)类考题,涉及的主题是交通拥堵。联想一下,是不是与刚才剑桥8test3 的大作文十分相似?本题第二问讨论政府如何让人们少开私家车,其实属于政府解决交通拥堵问题的措施范畴,刚好能用上剑桥8test3 大作文范文中的解决拥堵的措施:政府应该完善公共交通,比如修建轻轨地铁等吸引人们使用公交,少开私家车。
 
  所以,稍微挪用一下素材,我们就可以得出一个主体段的范文如下:
 
  One of the best approaches governments can take in busy cities is to  improve the choices of public transport services available to travelers  and encourage people to use  these services. This means the transport facilities have to be well run and people must be able to afford them. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, people will use them and then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.Besides, long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving people’s own car for long journeys.
 
  以上就是素材的灵活运用!(彩色部分几乎源自剑桥8test3大作文考官范文)
 
 
 
  Case II
 
  剑桥4 Test4 大作文:
 
  In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
 
  题目的意思是:现在很多学校里面学生出现了严重的学生行为问题,请问原因和解决办法。
 
  在剑4第169页有这个题目的考官范文,我节选了其中的一个段落,来看看考官怎么分析这个现象产生的原因。
 
  In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
 
  这段话的意思是:在很多国家,出生率下降,所以家庭里面孩子的数量少了。这些孩子经常被父母宠坏了,但是工作的父母没有时间去关注他们,只是给了他们很好的物质生活。孩子想要什么就有什么,不问价格,想做什么就做什么,开心就好。这就意味着这些孩子长大以后不会替别人着想,不珍惜自己的生活条件。
 
  在学习这段语言素材的过程中,我们同样可以积累一些写作素材和语言表达。
 
  我们再来看另一道题:
 
  2018-7-21大作文:Many businesses think that the new employees who graduate from schools lack basic interpersonal skills, such as working with colleagues as a team. What are the causes and solutions to this problem?
 
  “很多新员工缺乏沟通与合作能力,请问原因和解决办法”。这道题属于社会(工作)话题,而刚才剑4-4的题目属于教育话题。但是,我们发现,即使是两类不同的话题,彼此之间的词汇素材也有很多相通的地方。我们稍微动一下脑筋,就可以把剑4-4的那段素材转化运用到这个题目。“因为孩子从小被父母宠坏了,不替别人着想,所以参加工作以后也就不懂得与人沟通合作”。
 
  根据这个因果逻辑,就有了下面的范文:
 
  With fewer children in a family, the young generation is often spoilt by their parents. In their childhood, they can have whatever they want and only care about their own feelings. Such children grow up without consideration for others, which makes it difficult for them to cooperate with others after they enter a company.
 
  这就是完美的素材灵活运用(彩色字体的素材基本源自剑4-4)!
 
  众所周知,写作考试的时间非常紧凑。
 
 
 
  如果所有的内容都在现场创作,对于很多同学来说很有难度,作文质量估计也不会很高,而且错误会比较多。
 
 
 
  但是,如果我们能把曾经写过的话题素材巧妙地挪用到当天的写作中,将能够帮助我们节约很多时间,而且展现一些高质量的英文表达,进而提高写作分数。
 
 
 
  正确的写作备考提升的是整体写作能力。把上课讲的、课后补充的资料都复习到了,基本上所有的题目都能够解决,因为作文的思路方法、词汇句式和语料素材都是举一反三、循环使用的。
 
 
 
  比方说,即使考到某一道题,和刚才讲的剑4-4那段素材完全不相干,但是通过学习刚才那段素材所掌握的词汇和句型“spoil”,“without consideration for others”,“so that”,是不是也可以用到写作考题里面呢?
 
 
 
  总而言之,希望同学们在备考过程中要沉得下心,坚持动笔,把词汇造句、素材范文最好能进行车轮式碾压复习,加深印象,同时按照上课学习的论证逻辑去灵活运用,精练每一篇作文!照此复习一段时间,大家会发现不打“题海战”也能轻松上考场了,写作提分也是水到渠成的事情。