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名师辅导不含糊:托福语法全攻略(21)

  第四节 容易混淆的词

  hard (努力,副词) -hardly (几乎不,副词)

  close (接近,形容词) -closely(接近,副词)

  near (接近,形容词) -nearly (几乎,副词), nearby (adj.邻近的)

  most (大多数的,形容词) -mostly(主要地,大部分 副词)

  late (迟、晚,形容词) -lately (最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的)

  high (高的,形容词) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的)

  另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词

  例题:

  (1)

  Chief Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one.

  应改为:hard

  解释:hard和hardly都是副词,前者表示努力地,后者表示几乎不,依据题意应改用hard

  词汇:vigorous: 精力充沛的,progressive: 进步的

  (2)

  Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea, break into pieces, and become icebergs.

  应改为:near

  解释:nearly是副词,意为几乎,在此句中讲不通,改为介词near才可与名词the North and South Poles构成地点状语

  词汇:glacier: 冰河, iceberg: 冰山

  (3)

  Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held there by electromagnetic force.

  应改为:most close

  解释:副词closely 不能修饰名词electrons, 应改为形容词, close to 构成形容词短语, 作electrons的后置定语

  词汇:electron: 电子, electromagnetic: 电磁