SAT单词讲义: 特殊人

1．swindler 骗子

A swindler’s____ is usually a gullible person who is unable to resist the swindler’s traps.

(A) peer

(B)   ally

(C) prey

(D) nemesis

(E)   superior

nemesis：报应，天罚；gullible 容易受骗的

2． agnostic：从词根构成上来说，a不＋gnos（know的变体，知道），不知道的，不可知

（1）a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God 不相信上帝存在的；（2）someone who is doubtful or noncommittal about something  不相信某种事情存在的人

As a young man, Thomas Merton underwent a religious conversion, gradually changing from__ to a devout Roman Catholic.

(A) an archetype

(B)   a bibliophile

(C)   a martinet

(D) an aesthete

(E)   an agnostic

archetype：（arche古＋type形状）原型

bibliophile：（biable书＋phil喜欢）爱书者，藏书家

3．martinet严守要求服从纪律之人someone who is very strict and makes people obey rules exactly

He was regarded by his followers, as something of ________, not only because of his insistence on strict discipline, but also because of his _______ adherence to formal details.

A) a martinet … rigid      

B) an authority … sporadic   

C) a tyrant … reluctant

D) a fraud… conscientious  

E) an acolyte … maniacal

acolyte（爱过来的）：教士的助手

4．fraud：骗子 someone or something that is not what it is claimed to be。

注意！这种骗子不是crime的一种，而是内心的感觉，是自己可能做事情的时候不是那么心安理得，所以常用于I fell like a fraud…比如说，蛋糕明明是你偷吃的，你室友问你的时候你却说是狗吃的(^_^)，这时候你就会feel like a fraud.

Marisa felt like a fraud, for while she professed her__ she knew she had__ the unfortunate mistake.

(A) profundity, abhorred

（B）enthusiasm, condoned

（C）innocence, committed

（D）immorality, performed

(E) repentance, condemned

fraud的起码特点commit the unfortunate mistake.

5．iconoclastic<> traditional   破坏偶像的：传统的

   heterodox <> orthodox      异端的：正统的

iconoclastic:( icon偶像＋clast打)   heterodox:( heter异＋dox，doc传统)异端的

如：Heretic 异教徒 a person who holds unorthodox opinions in any field (not merely religion)，所以其反义词便是orthodox

Henry viewed Melissa as___; she seemed to be against any position regardless of its merits.

(A) heretical (B) disobedient (C)contrary (D) inattentive (E) harried

这个题很好的体现了heretic的特点，而且heretical的程度非常的重

orthodox（orth正＋dox传统）如orthotast 正骨（矫正骨头）

iconoclastic：characterized by attack on established beliefs or institutions攻击现有的信仰和直觉，所以iconoclastic的特点就是unorthodox或者heterodox，而traditional的特点就是orthodox.

(1)    Breaking with established musical conventions, Stravinsky was___ composer whose heterodox works infuriated the traditionalists of his day.

A.     a derivative

B.      an iconoclastic

C.      an uncontroversial

D.     a venerated

E.      a trite

(2) The representative was a traditionalist, reluctant to support any legislation inconsistent with the nation’s most____ principles.

A. orthodox   

B. impassioned  

C. precarious   

D. impressionable  

E. indeterminate

6．sycophant/toady（马屁精，谄媚者）特点： adulation, fawning, obsequious，flattery

（1）Her dislike of___ made her regard people who tried to win her approval through praise as____.

(A) autocrats, dictators

(B)   defiance, toadies

(C)   tyrants, connoisseurs

(D) adulation, superiors

(E)   flattery, sycophants

（2）Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably____ her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and longed for honest criticism.

(A) orchestrated (B)thwarted (C) assailed (D)extolled (E)reciprocated

extol 赞美

7．amateur / dilettanti <> connoisseur/virtuoso/professional/expert   业余人士：专业人士

 （1）The selection committee for the exhibit was amazed to see such fine work done by a mere------.

(A) connoisseur   

(B)artist     

(C) amateur

(D) entrepreneur   

(E) exhibitionist

（2）There are too many ----and not enough serious workers.

(A) sycophants (B) kleptomaniacs   (C) novices  

(D) dilettantes     (E) zealots

这里dilettante表示半吊子，an amateur who engages in an activity without serious intentions。

8. artist <> artisan 艺术家<>工匠

We need both ornament and implement in our society; we need the artist and the----.

(A) beautician    (B) writer       (C) politician

(D) artisan       (E) model

9．virtuoso 大师：virtuosity， marvelous，exquisite，paramount

Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible __________; his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.

A) sincerity                 B) efficiency                   C) virtuosity

D) rapidity                  E) energy

10．protagonist (戏剧中的主角，政治，社会事件的主要推动者)

___ is a common theme in Greek tragedies and mythology, whose stories often featured protagonists suffering from exaggerated pride and subsequently being punished by the gods for it.

(A) obstinacy

(B) hubris

(C) impetuosity

(D) valor

(E) callousness

11．dictator/autocrat/monarch 统治者（注意一下这三个词语的词根来源）

The rebels saw the huge statue of the dictator as___ of the totalitarian regime and swiftly toppled the monument.

(A) an indictment

(B)   an illusion

(C)   a copy

(D) a symbol

(E)   a mockery

topple＝tumble 推倒，推翻

12．pedestrian 行人，缺乏智慧的（lacking wit or imagination）＝prosaic

pedestrian（ped脚＋str街道，压马路的人当然都是行人，这种人大多也是缺乏智慧的）

We were amazed that a man who had been heretofore the most__ of public speakers could, in a single speech, electrify an audience and bring them cheering to their feet.

(A) enthralling

(B)   accomplished

(C) pedestrian

(D) auspicious

(E)   masterful

13．stickler 坚持之人

be a stickler for detail/rules/accuracy etc：to think that rules etc are very important and that other people should think so too

The Internal Revenue Service agent was a__ for accuracy, insisting that taxpayers provided exact figures for every deduction they claimed.

(A) martyr

(B)   scoundrel

(C) stickler

(D) procrastinator

(E)   candidate

14．procrastinator：拖拖拉拉的人

someone who postpones work (especially out of laziness or habitual carelessness)

Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to___ and to____ discussions.

(A) meddle, scoff at

(B)   temporize, prolong

(C)   misbehave, disrupt

(D) sneer, terminate

(E)   withdraw, intrude in

temporize：to delay or avoid making a decision in order to gain time. 拖延以赢得时间

（sneer，jeer嘲笑，peer 匹敌） 

15．philistine 平庸无聊的人 someone who does not like or understand art, literature, music etc

We need more men and women of culture and enlightenment in our society; we have too many ----among us.

(A) pedants      (B) philistines      

(C) ascetics   (D) paragons     (E) apologists

16．elitist  杰出人物 favoring a small, high-status group，an elitist system, government etc is one in which a small group of people have more power and advantages than other people

Opponents of the research institute label it__ anachronism; its scholars, they allege, have__ rivaling those of pre-Revolutionary French nobility.

(A) an elitist, perquisites

(B)   a monarchical, tribulations

(C)   an irreproachable, luxuries

(D) a reprehensible, afflictions

(E)   a commendable, privileges

17．introvert<>extrovert 内向之人：外向之人

    coy <> decent        腼腆的：得体的，大方的

Because he was__ by nature, he preferred reading a book in the privacy of his own study to visiting a nightclub with friends.

(A) an exhibitionist

(B)   a hedonist

(C)   an adversary

(D) an egoist

(E)   an introvert

18．partisan 党徒

Fanatically committed to one political cause, Anderson was a___, maintaining an exclusively___ outlook.

(A) libertine, provincial

(B)   zealot, partisan

(C)   patriot, indulgent

(D) maverick, altruistic

(E)   rebel, vicarious

19．ruffian /miscreant/knave 恶棍 

（1）Tom nicknamed his dog__ because she was known for chasing any dogs in the neighborhood that came near her, even puppies.

A.       Bungler

B.        Ruffian

C.        Stickler

D.       Daredevil

E.        Naysayer

（2）Victor gained a reputation for being a ------- because he constantly bullied other children.

(A) bungler (B) ruffian (C) stickler (D) daredevil (E) naysayer

naysay：拒绝，gainsay：否认

20．snob  势利小人

Political figures who appear to be stanch supporters of the interests of the general public may not always be the__ they purport to be, but rather__ who favor selected groups that provide significant campaign benefactions.

(A) demagogues, mavericks

(B) conservatives, anarchists

(C) populists, elitists

(D) moderates, reactionaries

(E) partisans, snobs

21．disciple apprentice 门徒

Are we to turn into spineless____, afraid to take a___ stand, unable to answer a question without pussyfooting?

(A) disciples, positive (B) hedonists, compromising   (C) criminals, defiant

(D) critics, constructive

pussyfoot 消极行事

22．recluse 隐士

While Sarah may have been rather quiet, she was buy no means a ___, for the often spent evenings with people and considered that time to be quiet____.

(A) recluse--- enjoyable  (B) conservative--- diplomatic (C) reformer---irritating

(D) barbarian---confusing (E) critic---demanding

四大挥霍者  prodigal         profligate          wastrel          spendthrift

四大先驱     precursor      harbinger        herald           forerunner

四大陈词     banality       bromide         cliché           platitude

四大骗子     charlatan      fake            mountebank      quack

四大新人     novice        rookie           neophyte         tyro

四大隐士     anchorite      recluse          hermit           solitary

四大粗人     lout           yokel           boor            churl

理论家，空谈doctrinaire    pedant             theorist

贱民，身份卑微的人pariah  boor       churl     rabble         lout

注意：斜体字部分都是有词根或者助记法的，请仔细记忆。